TRENDS IN THE PROFESSIONALIZATION OF RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS IN EUROPE: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

Abstract

The study explores the ongoing professionalization of rhythmic gymnastics in Europe within the broader context of sport globalization and commercialization. As professional sports across Europe continue to evolve under social, economic, and technological pressures, rhythmic gymnastics – a discipline deeply rooted in Olympic tradition – has emerged as a vivid case of transformation. The research highlights how the transition toward a club-based model has reshaped this aesthetic and technically demanding sport, influencing training methods, competition formats, governance structures, and athlete development. The article analyzes the European sports model, emphasizing its blend of amateur traditions and professional dynamics. It underscores the dual role of state support and autonomous federations in sustaining sports systems. Special attention is paid to rhythmic gymnastics as a reflection of wider professionalization trends, marked by intensified training, expanded club structures, sponsorship growth, and rising media interest. However, these advancements come with challenges such as athlete burnout, injury risks, inequality in club resources, and potential erosion of core Olympic values. Comparative case studies of Spain, Germany, Italy, and Israel reveal varied strategies of implementing the club model. Spain’s Liga Iberdrola, Germany’s Deutsche Turnliga, Italy’s Serie A1, and Israel’s centralized elite system each exemplify unique governance and funding mechanisms. The findings demonstrate that successful professionalization relies on a hybrid model of public subsidies, private sponsorship, and institutional regulation via national federations. Clubs act as central nodes of professional development, while federations ensure standardization and strategic oversight. Ultimately, the study offers key recommendations for Ukraine, advocating a context-sensitive adaptation of European practices. It argues for the integration of rhythmic gymnastics into a sustainable club-based infrastructure that upholds inclusivity, social responsibility, and long-term athlete welfare, while embracing the professional demands of contemporary sport.