MORPHOFUNCTIONAL AND BIOMECHANICAL FEATURES OF EXERCISE PERFORMANCE IN CROSSFIT ATHLETES OF DIFFERENT BODY TYPES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2221-1217-2026-1-27Keywords:
кросфіт, техніка рухів, траєкторія, амплітуда, стабілізатори, соматотипAbstract
CrossFit combines high-intensity strength, gymnastics, and cyclic exercises under time-constrained conditions. The specificity of competitive activity requires extreme versatility from athletes; however, high demands for technical proficiency necessitate a scientific substantiation of key movement parameters. These parameters determine the efficiency and safety of the training and competitive processes depending on the athlete's anthropometric characteristics.
The study established that optimizing movement trajectory and amplitude, maintaining a neutral spine position, and ensuring the active engagement of stabilizer muscles are fundamental factors not only for injury prevention but also for maximizing mechanical movement economy. It has been demonstrated that athletes with disadvantageous biomechanical levers perform significantly greater mechanical work, necessitating technical adjustments to maintain competitive repetition density.
Morphofunctional differences in exercise execution techniques among CrossFitters of various somatotypes were identified: Dolichomorphic athletes possess a biomechanical advantage in endurance and gymnastics; however, due to their long levers, they experience an increased moment of force in the joints and an extended barbell trajectory, which elevates the energy cost of each repetition. The mesomorphic type is characterized by versatility and balanced mobility, ensuring a stable vertical trajectory of the equipment. The brachymorphic type holds a dominant advantage in strength exercises due to shorter levers, enabling performance with lower amplitude and higher lifting speed.
The practical value of these findings lies in the potential for differentiated training programming and competitive tactical management, taking into account athletes' morphological characteristics to achieve peak movement economy.
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